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Basic Introduction to Air Filters
Air filter, as a common element in truck accessories, is highly favored by truck enthusiasts due to its easy maintenance and intuitive replacement operation. They often choose to replace the air filter themselves to ensure the smooth operation of the truck. The air filters we use in our daily lives are mostly designed with inertia, consisting of one large and one small filter element. The outer large filter element is called the "main filter element", while the inner small filter element is called the "safety filter element". Although the structure of this filter may seem simple, the technology and wisdom it contains cannot be underestimated.
► Structure of air filter
Inertial pre filters can efficiently filter out over 80% of dust particles. After pre filtering, the air is further filtered by the second stage paper filter to ensure that the dust content in the air is reduced to a very low level. It is worth noting that although the air filtration system includes two filter elements, the main filtration task is undertaken by the outer core. The inner core serves as a backup to block dust when the outer core is damaged or other abnormal situations occur. However, the breathability and dust holding capacity of the inner core are relatively low, so once the outer core is damaged, it should be replaced immediately to ensure the filtering effect.
The filtering principle of paper filter cartridge
Although paper filters are responsible for filtering 15% -20% of dust, in fact, the remaining dust is not eliminated, but effectively removed through the unique filtering principle of inertial air filters. When air containing dust passes through blade rings or swirl tubes, a vortex effect is generated. Under the action of inertia, impurity particles will be thrown away from the air flow, thus moving away from the filter element. Subsequently, after rotating and colliding with the filter housing, these particles gradually decrease in speed and eventually deposit on the filter, achieving the goal of purifying the air.
Air filter usage and maintenance
The filtration efficiency of the old filter element
Filtering efficiency and intake efficiency are two interrelated indicators. In the application of engines, there is often a trade-off between the two. As air passes through the filter paper, dust is gradually intercepted on the surface of the filter paper, resulting in an increase in the "filtration efficiency" of the filter paper over time. However, this also correspondingly reduces the 'intake efficiency'. Therefore, although the filtration efficiency of the old filter element has been improved to some extent, the decrease in intake efficiency may have a negative impact on engine performance.
The advantages and disadvantages of frequent blowing and washing
Many truck drivers may have experienced that after cleaning the air filter, the truck's power seems to have increased and fuel consumption has also decreased. This is mainly because during the cleaning process, the gaps between the filter papers are enlarged, allowing more air to enter the engine. However, this approach also has significant risks. When the gap between filter papers increases, the amount of dust entering the engine will also increase accordingly, which may lead to abnormal wear of the engine. In addition, after each cleaning, the dust holding capacity of the filter element will decrease by approximately 20% to 40%. As the number of cleaning cycles increases, the dust holding capacity of the filter element will gradually decrease. Usually, after cleaning the filter element about three times, its dust holding capacity will be basically lost, and a new filter element should be replaced in a timely manner.
► Criteria for selecting air filters
With the introduction of the National VI emission standards, many truck drivers have purchased National VI models. Compared to the four national five models, the six national vehicles have stricter maintenance and usage requirements, especially for the quality of diesel, engine oil, urea, and other components. At the same time, key filtration components such as air filters, diesel filters, and engine filters must also be purchased through legitimate channels to ensure the normal operation of the engine and extend its service life.
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